Neurotransmitters

Serotonin

• The neurotransmitter serotonin performs a variety of functions in the brain. High levels of serotonin increase tolerance to pain, decrease cravings for food, improve mood and enhance sleep. Low levels of the neurotransmitter result in increased sensitivity to pain, food cravings, depression, insomnia, aggressive behavior and poor body temperature regulation. Serotonin is manufactured in the brain from the amino acid tryptophan, along with folic acid and vitamins B6 and B12.

Dopamine and Norepinephrine

• Dopamine and norepinephrine (sometimes called noradrenaline) are neurotransmitters that are manufactures from tyrosine, an amino acid, as well as folic acid, magnesium and vitamin B12. A drop in the levels of these neurotransmitters produces feelings of depression and irritability. Consuming more tyrosine raises levels of these neurotransmitters and improves mood, increases alertness, alleviates stress and boosts mental functioning.

Acetylcholine

• Choline, a fat-like substance, is unlike amino acids in that it has no competition for entry into the brain. The more choline is consumed, the more of it enters the brain and is used to produce the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, which is important in memory and general mental functioning. A decrease in acetylcholine levels is common with aging and may result in memory loss and reduced cognitive ability.